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        "projectDescription":"North Springfield Dam was constructed and is operated by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). The Dam\u2019s primary function is storing flood waters and seasonal runoff in a reservoir to reduce potentially damaging flood waters downstream of the dam along the Black River and Connecticut River. It is located 8.5 miles upstream of the point where the Black River joins the Connecticut Rivers. The reservoir (also known as the North Springfield lake) is capable of storing 1,200 acres of water which extends 5.4 miles upstream into Weathersfield, VT.  Since it began operations, the North Springfield Dam project has reduced damage caused by downstream flooding by more than $745 million .\n\nThe project consists of an earthfill dam covered in stone protection. The dam is approximately half of a mile long (2,940 feet) and 10 stories tall (120 feet). The dam has a 12-foot 9-inch diameter concrete conduit that passes under the dam and allows day-to-day river flows from the reservoir to the downstream. The conduit opening is controlled by three hydraulically controlled gates which are operated by USACE operations staff via a raised gatehouse. While the dam is capable of reducing floodwaters during most storms, during extreme weather events there is the potential for the reservoir to fill and reach its capacity. Once the reservoir is full, a large amount of water will begin to discharge over a concrete spillway weir. The spillway is a concrete armored section of the dam whose size is larger than the width of a football field (384 feet long) and located approximately two stories (24.5 feet) below the top of the dam. A spillway is similar in concept to a sink overflow that prevents a sink bowl from completely overflowing.\n\nThe project site also includes an additional, smaller dam (North Branch Dam) located approximately 3 miles upstream of North Springfield Dam on the North Branch of the Black River in Weathersfield, Vermont.",
        "riskCharSummary":"USACE finalized a detailed study of the North Springfield Dam in 2020 and has classified the risks associated with the dam as Moderate.  The dam significantly reduces the risk of flooding to surrounding communities.  However, it does not entirely eliminate the risk. The most likely scenario that could result in downstream flooding from North Springfield Dam would be an uncontrolled high volume release of water from the dam's spillway during significant storm events. The amount of water being released could be great enough to cause flooding in downstream communities. Such high releases from the spillway could create conditions similar to how the river might behave during a flood event if the dam did not exist. \n\nThere is also an extremely unlikely, but far more devastating scenario that would result in failure of the dam and downstream flooding: water seeping through the dam\u2019s foundation soil resulting in voids forming as the soil erodes, weakening the dam.  If this event occurs, an uncontrolled surge of water would flow out of the reservoir, flooding downstream communities.  Communities along the Black River, including North Springfield and Springfield, VT, are the major areas in immediate danger in the event of a flood.  Towns and cities further downstream, including Bellows Falls, VT, Brattleboro, VT, Northampton, MA, Springfield, MA, and Hartford, CT would also be impacted, but less so.\n\nEven though very unlikely, if the scenarios described above were to occur, downstream flooding could be swift and deep resulting in loss of life and destruction of buildings and infrastructure.  In the less likely dam breach scenario, flooding would happen quickly and residents will have an extremely short timeframe to evacuate before water arrives.  The water depth, property damage, and lives lost would likely be far greater than flooding due to spillway discharge.  In a worst case scenario, you could see water higher than a three story building.",
        "riskManagementMeasures":"No emergency situation currently exists at North Springfield Dam. Should a crisis occur, we will use our expertise to quickly find a solution to resume operations. While we cannot completely eliminate risk, we are taking actions to further reduce the risks.  We closely monitor the performance of North Springfield Dam and will modify operations if we feel there is risk to the public. We will continue to work closely with state and local emergency managers, conducting emergency exercises, and incorporate any new information into our Emergency Action Plan for the dam. We will also continue our rigorous monitoring and surveillance of the dam, especially during high water events. We closely follow rainfall forecasts to determine when high water events may occur so that necessary flood warnings may be issued in a timely manner. USACE has undertaken additional study to further understand the risk associated with North Springfield Dam, and what, if any, actions can be completed to reduce the risk.",
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