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        "projectDescription":"The United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) completed construction of Bardwell Dam in December 1954 in accordance with the Flood Control Act, approved 31 March 1960 (Public Law 86-399, 86th Congress, 2nd Session). Bardwell Dam was built on the Waxahachie Creek, a tributary of the Trinity River, to reduce the risk of flooding to the downstream Texas cities of Bardwell, Corsicana, and adjacent towns and counties. It is located 3 miles south of the City of Ennis in Ellis County, Texas. The dam consists of an earthen embankment that holds water in the reservoir, lifting gates that are operated to control water releases at the dam, and an ungated spillway, a sloped concrete structure, which allows water to flow out when water levels within the reservoir exceed the available flood storage. The main embankment is made up of soil and rock and is approximately 82 feet (about 8 stories) high at a crest elevation of 460.0 feet (NAVD88 vertical datum control). The dam is nearly three miles of earthen embankment except for the spillway located along the west end of the main embankment. The ungated spillway is 350 feet wide with an elevation of 439.0 feet NAVD88. When the reservoir water level exceeds the dedicated flood storage levels water flows over the ungated spillway by design, which can pass up to \u00bd million gallons per second, or enough water to flood a football field more than a foot deep every second. The reservoir is kept at or below the conservation pool elevation of 421.0 feet NAVD88 for most of the year. When heavy rains occur, surface water runoff is stored in the reservoir until the swollen streams and rivers below the dam recede and can handle the release of stored water minimizing loss of life, property, and negative impacts to the environment. Sometimes water must be released to protect the dam\u2019s integrity even though these streams and rivers may have already reached or exceeded their capacity. Although reducing flood risk is the project\u2019s primary focus, the dam also provides significant water supply to nearby communities and provides unique recreation opportunities. These benefits significantly improve the quality of life in the area.",
        "riskCharSummary":"Although Bardwell Dam reduces the risk of flooding to downstream communities, the dam does not eliminate the risk of flooding. The most likely scenario that could result in downstream flooding due to floodwaters passed through the dam are high volume releases from the operation of Bardwell Dam through the outlet works and ungated spillway during high water events. Surcharge operational releases occur when the reservoir\u2019s flood storage capacity is exceeded causing flooding in areas adjacent to the reservoir and excess water flows through the spillway and/or outlet works. Bardwell Dam (the dam, spillway, and outlet works) is designed to reduce the peak flooding levels downstream without risking the structural integrity of the dam.\n\nThe United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) completed a risk assessment in March 2016 and classified the risk associated with Bardwell Dam as low. This classification is based on both a low likelihood of poor performance and low associated consequences due to very unlikely, but far more devastating scenarios than presented above that would produce significant flooding. The potential for Bardwell Dam to fail was assessed to be related to three primary risks associated with earthen embankment dams: 1) During an extreme flood event high reservoir levels could cause water to flow over the top of the earthen dam, leading to erosion of the embankment and eventual breach; 2) Erosion along the area where the embankment fill surrounds the concrete outlet pipe leading loss of fill material and eventual breach of the dam; and 3) when the side of the earthen dam has progressing slope failures, a condition where the soil slides downhill, that could lower the crest of the dam below the elevation of the reservoir water level, leading to overflow, erosion, and eventual breach. In the remote event of a breach, the largest impacts would be to the city of Liberty, TX, which is located 346 miles downstream of the dam. Impacts are mainly commercial structures with some residential structures near the river and in the southern portion of the town. Several agricultural levees downstream of Bardwell Dam would be overtopped and will not contain floodwaters. The inundation area directly downstream of the dam is largely rural and Richland Chambers reservoir and dam begin at 28 and 47 river miles downstream, respectively. The downstream communities have well-practiced emergency action plans and local emergency managers are aware of the unlikely potential for dam failure. However, while these parties meet regularly with USACE to discuss emergency response to flood events, breach of the dam could result in major flooding downstream and include significant economic impacts and put lives at risk.",
        "riskManagementMeasures":"The United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Fort Worth District continuously takes additional steps to reduce the risk to the public. This includes working closely with local emergency managers to encourage and support the development and update of local evacuation plans to maximize evacuation time and designated evacuation routes; regularly updating the Bardwell Dam Emergency Action Plan; and conducting emergency exercises with state and local response teams. USACE conducts detailed inspections of the dam during both normal lake levels and increased surveillance during flood events to ensure the integrity of the structure. Instrumentation and monitoring systems allow USACE staff to monitor the dam for changing conditions that may not be seen at the surface. Regular maintenance and repairs are performed as needed to keep the dam functioning properly.",
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        "yearCompleted":1965,
        "congDist":"Congressional District 06, Texas",
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