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        "projectDescription":"The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) completed construction of Bluestone Dam in December 1948. The project was first authorized by Executive Order 7183 in September 1935 and the Flood Control Acts of 1936 and 1938 for the purposes of flood control and is managed by the Huntington District, USACE.\n\nThe concrete dam is 165 feet tall and is nearly a half mile long as it spans the New River valley. Bluestone Dam helps regulate waters coming from a 4600 square-mile basin upstream of the dam. This basin is drained by the New River which starts North Carolina and crosses southwestern Virginia before coming into West Virginia. Bluestone Dam is located directly upstream of city of Hinton, Summers County, West Virginia on the New River. The dam is located approximately 1 mile above the confluence of the Greenbrier River with the New River. Continuing downstream, the New River joins the Gauley River and turns into the Kanawha River which empties into the Ohio River.\n\nIn regulating these waters, Bluestone Dam\u2019s primary function is to reduce flood risks throughout the New and Kanawha River Valleys, including to river-front communities in Summers, Raleigh, Fayette, Kanawha, Putnam, and Mason counties in West Virginia. West Virginia communities that benefit from Bluestone Dam include but are not limited to Hinton, Thurmond, Kanawha Falls, Montgomery, Cabin Creek, the state capitol of Charleston, St. Albans, Winfield, Buffalo, and Point Pleasant. Bluestone Dam also reduces flood risks to communities along the Ohio River both up and downstream it\u2019s the confluence with Kanawha River at Point Pleasant.\n\nBluestone Dam routinely releases New River waters to keep downstream rivers flowing. However, when it is projected that the New, Kanawha or Ohio rivers may cause flooding, water coming from upstream of the dam is captured until swollen streams and rivers downstream of the dam recede and these captured storm waters can be released to reduce flood impacts downstream.\nThe dam has two spillways designed to release water. The primary spillway is made up of 16 tunnels near the base of the dam that are designed to release water on an everyday basis. The top of the spillway has 21 steel crest gates which can help store extreme storm waters. In the event of a very rare storm event, such as a Hurricane, these steel gates can be raised to release or spill these waters to reduce the chance that dam would be overtopped. To date, these 21 crest gates have not had to release extreme storm waters.\n\nWater released thru either the 16 tunnels or 21 crest gates flows through a primary stilling basin prior to entering the New River. This primary stilling basin uses a 23 feet deep lake impounded by a smaller dam located approximately 200 ft downstream of the larger Bluestone Dam. The New River bedrock is currently uncovered between the main dam and this smaller dam. The 23 feet deep lake helps to calm the energy created by water released from the dam. The water energy needs to be reduced so it does not scour the exposed bedrock within the 23 feet lake as well as downstream of the dam. Scour of this rock could undermine and fail the dam.",
        "riskCharSummary":"While Bluestone Dam greatly reduces flood risks downstream, it does not eliminate these risks. Flooding can still occur even if Bluestone Dam is operating as designed. There are rare but probable storms, like hurricanes, which cause more rainfall than Bluestone Dam can store safely. While hurricanes regularly occur in North Carolina, to affect Bluestone Dam, they would have to drop significant rainfall in the New River basin which is in the northwestern corner of the state, away from the coast. While this reduces the likelihood of a storm impacting this basin, in some rare occasions, conditions could lead to flows greater than 1 million cfs, which is greater than ten times Niagara Falls.\n\nThe dam\u2019s primary and auxiliary spillways pass these events to keep Bluestone Dam from overtopping and failing. When passing these events, flooding is likely in all river-front communities in the New and Kanawha River valleys and potentially the Ohio River valley as well. Depending on the amount of water released during these events, significant damages to houses, buildings, factories, roads, bridges, power, and water supply may occur.\n\nWhile rare events like these have not occurred to date, if they were to happen, water is likely to reach hillside to hillside quickly and be more than tens of feet deep depending on the location. In the unlikely event Bluestone Dam must pass these extreme waters, follow all directions from emergency officials, including evacuation orders. Failure to do so puts you and your family\u2019s lives at risk.\nSince 2000, USACE has made significant investments in Bluestone Dam to help ensure it continues to provide benefits to the public and significantly reduce the chance it would fail. These investments are scheduled to be completed by 2030. The remaining work is focused reinforcing the primary stilling basin to be able to safely pass extreme outflows. Modeling indicates that the primary spillway\u2019s 23 feet deep stilling basin, cannot properly reduce the energy created from the crest gates releasing waters. The energy created by the water releases is likely to fail the primary stilling basin causing the bedrock beneath the dam to become unstable, which could cause the dam to fail.\n\nThis concern with the primary stilling basin is most likely to realize during the passage of rare storms when flooding is already occurring downstream. However, if the dam were to fail, the flooding downstream would dramatically increase. Specifically, warning times would be reduced, and the volume of water and debris carried by the releases would be more like a tidal wave or tsunami increasing the risk to life and property. In the unlikely event the dam was to fail during one of these extreme events, it is critical that you heed all evacuation orders immediately to protect your life.",
        "riskManagementMeasures":"USACE is continually taking significant steps to reduce the risk to the public. This includes working closely with federal, state, and local emergency managers, regularly updating the Emergency Action Plan, and conducting emergency exercises with state and local response teams. USACE also works closely with state and federal emergency agencies to ensure awareness of rare storm events and potential impacts. All dam safety staff are regularly trained to monitor and evaluate the condition of the dam based on key risk components. USACE regularly inspects and monitors instruments to check the health of the dam and increase this monitoring during lake levels rises. This ensures that the structure is performing as designed and could help detect any areas of potential concern. Regular maintenance and repairs are performed as needed to keep the dam functioning properly.\n\nSignificant construction, started in 2000, has increased the dam\u2019s ability to safely store storm waters with the installation of hundreds of anchors as well as increase its ability to discharge extreme storm waters by adding an auxiliary stilling basin. Work continues to reinforce the primary stilling basin to safely pass rare storm events without failing the dam. Construction includes installing new concrete in the primary spillway\u2019s, 23 feet deep stilling basin. This work includes protecting exposed rock with several feet of reinforced and anchored concrete and installing state of the art features, call super-cavitating baffles, to help calm the energy of extreme outflows and protect the dam\u2019s integrity. This work is anticipated to be complete by 2030.\n\nFor additional information on construction work, please visit:\nhttps://www.lrh.usace.army.mil/Missions/Civil-Works/Current-Projects/Bluestone-DSA/",
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