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        "distance":20,
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        "projectDescription":"The John Martin Dam project is owned and operated by the Albuquerque District, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE).  The project includes a dam located on the Arkansas River in Bent County, Colorado, about midway between the communities of Las Animas and Lamar, and 58 miles upstream from the Kansas state line.  Construction was completed in 1948 and primary project features include a combination zoned earthen embankment and concrete gravity dam; gated outlet works to adjust operational water releases into the Arkansas River; and spillway.  The spillway is integral to the concrete gravity dam and gated to allow large operational water releases.  The project also includes Fort Lyon Protective Works, an earthen embankment located upstream of the dam to reduce flood risk at the Fort during periods of high lake levels.  During flood events, the John Martin Dam project can be operated for flood risk reduction on its own or in conjunction with other dams to optimize upstream and downstream flood risk reduction throughout the Arkansas River Basin.  In addition to the project\u2019s main purpose of flood risk reduction, it is authorized for irrigation benefits.",
        "riskCharSummary":"Although the John Martin Dam project has successfully reduced flooding, it does not eliminate all flood risk caused by rain downstream of the dam or due to emergency operation of the project.  During infrequent flood or emergency operations, larger required releases passing through the project\u2019s gated outlet works, or gated spillway, would surpass downstream river channel capacity and flood low-lying areas along the Arkansas River to Kaw Dam.  Much larger spillway flow could greatly surpass downstream channel capacity, flood low-lying areas along the Arkansas River, and be life-threatening.  Flood inundation caused by large spillway flow could cause catastrophic downstream damages to residences and infrastructure (including levees) along the Arkansas River to Kaw Dam.  Impacted communities include Lamar (right figure) and Holly, Colorado, and through Kansas including Syracuse, Lakin, Holcomb, Garden City, Cimarron, Dodge City, Kinsley (left figure), Great Bend, Larnad, and Wichita, and towns located in between.\n\nA risk assessment of the John Martin Dam project was conducted by USACE in 2021.  Preliminary results characterized dam breach risk as HIGH due to the combination of unacceptable life-risk and potential high likelihood of a dam breach occurring either during normal operations or as the consequence of an extreme event.  Specifically, the occurrence of dam breach caused by instability of the concrete dam during higher pools that can occur during normal operation was identified.  Although the annual probability of dam breach due to instability of the concrete dam is estimated to be low (1 in 1,000,000), it could be moderate (1 in 10,000) if project features have deteriorated since construction.  In addition, dam breach caused by overtopping erosion as the consequence of a rare storm event (1 in 17,000 years or 0.006% per year) was identified and the annual probability of dam breach caused by the occurrence is estimated to be moderate (1 in 10,000).  Flood inundation caused by dam breach would be life-threatening with catastrophic downstream damages to residences and infrastructure (including levees) along the Arkansas River to Kaw Dam.  Impacted communities include Lamar (right figure) and Holly, Colorado, and through Kansas including Syracuse, Lakin, Holcomb, Garden City, Cimarron, Dodge City, Kinsley (left figure), Great Bend, Larnad, and Wichita, and towns located in between.",
        "riskManagementMeasures":"USACE strives to manage risk through application of several measures including inspections and instrument evaluations, studies, maintenance activities, and risk communication.  Routine inspections and instrument evaluation are performed to monitor performance of the project.  Special inspections or increased inspection frequency occurs during high pools, spillway flows, or in response to earthquake or signs of distress.  Comprehensive inspections occur annually, with more detailed inspections taking place every 5 years.  Assessments occur every 10 years to compare original design and construction methods to modern standards.  An Issue Evaluation Study is underway to assess dam breach risk and includes investigation of project features; evaluation of stability and hydrologic loading; and installation of additional instruments to improve performance monitoring.  Maintenance is routinely performed at the project and recent activities include cleaning and rehabilitation of the stilling basin, outlet conduits, and aging mechanical components.  Future sediment management projects are planned.  Risk communication includes conducting tabletop emergency exercises with first responders and other Federal, State, and local agencies.  Flood warnings to notify affected communities downstream of the project are coordinated with external entities.  Future risk communication activities include development of a formal risk communication plan and revisions to the Emergency Action Plan (EAP).",
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        "yearCompleted":1943,
        "congDist":"Congressional District 04, Colorado",
        "city":"LAMAR",
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        "designerNames":"CESPA",
        "otherNames":"John Martin Reservoir",
        "ownerNames":"USACE - Albuquerque District",
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        "dataUpdated":"2025-05-19T12:00:00.000Z",
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