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        "projectDescription":"The U.S Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) completed Falls Lake Dam in 1981 across the Neuse River and continues the ownership, maintenance, and operation of the facility. The dam reduces the flood risks for Raleigh, North Carolina and downstream communities. It also provides water supply, water quality, fish and wildlife enhancement, and outdoor recreation for several surrounding communities. The 95-foot-tall dam is located immediately upstream of Raleigh. It is comprised of compacted earth built between two hillsides and is approximately 1,915 feet (over a third of a mile) long.  \nFalls lake is operated for flood reduction on the Neuse River to maintain maximum benefits downstream and to meet all authorized purposes of the impounded reservoir. All release decisions are made using a Water Control Manual created specifically for conditions in the Neuse River Basin. During periods when flood waters are being accumulated in the lake, water releases from the dam are made considering available flood storage behind the dam, predicted inflow into the lake, conditions downstream, and (to a lesser degree) impacts to the other authorized purposes.\nWater is released through one outlet tunnel. The tunnel is large enough to fit a tractor trailer into and is capable of releasing 12,000 cubic feet per second (or about 90,000 gallons per second), but releases would typically not exceed about 7,500 cubic feet per second (or about 56,000 gallons per second) during non-emergency flood operations. The dam\u2019s auxiliary spillway is an engineered notch in the hillside located on the left (north) side of the dam. This notch is lower than the top of the dam and is designed to pass high volumes of flood waters. The spillway is necessary to keep the dam from being overtopped and breaching (breaking) during these high-volume flood events. In the unlikely event that the lake rises above the top of the auxiliary spillway, the auxiliary spillway passes this water to the Neuse River instead of over the dam. Flow over the auxiliary spillway would depend on how high the water level reaches, ranging from only minor flow if the water was just over the auxiliary spillway, to as much as 70,000 cubic feet per second (or about 524,000 gallons per second) if the dam was close to being overtopped. Water levels have never reached the highest point of the auxiliary spillway, therefore, it has yet to pass any flood waters.",
        "riskCharSummary":"While Falls Lake Dam greatly reduces flood risks downstream, it does not eliminate these risks. Flooding can still occur even if Falls Lake Dam is operating as designed/intended. There are also very rare but possible storm evets which cause more rainfall than Falls Lake Dam was designed to store safety. To pass that large amount of water, the outlet of the dam may need to be fully utilized. There are very rare events that would exceed the capacity of Falls Lake Dam to safety store these waters. Therefore, when storm waters reach the height of the dam\u2019s auxiliary spillway, this feature passes this water to keep the dam from overtopping and breaching (breaking). If the auxiliary spillway does flow and the lake level is near the top of the dam, an excess of 20 or more feet of water may flood the river valley in the vicinity downstream of the dam, potentially inundating areas far beyond the riverbanks. This water is likely to damage and destroy houses, buildings, roads, bridges, power, and water supply. While weather can be unpredictable, this type of event can often be predicted 1-2 days before flood waters would impact communities. USACE would be in full communication with local and state emergency managers to alert and evacuate the public. In the unlikely event Falls Lake Dam must pass these extreme waters, follow all directions from emergency officials, including evacuation orders. Failure to do so puts you and your family\u2019s lives at risk.\nIn 2012, Falls Lake Dam was assessed for any concerns that might cause the dam to fail during rare events. USACE has classified these risks of failure associated with Falls Lake Dam as Moderate. The dam is well built and has performed well during the past 40 years. Ground water moving through the right (south) side of the dam where it abuts the hillside has been observed and may encourage erosion, but no signs of erosion have been observed to date. Modern forecast also suggests that extreme and rare weather could challenge the capacity of the dam to safely pass these storms. Current models indicate the dam is designed with sufficient height for these rare events, but as with all weather forecasts, there is always uncertainty on the impact extreme weather can have. While unlikely, if these concerns were to cause the dam to fail, thousands of people would be in harm\u2019s way. Therefore, it is important to heed all directives to evacuate as communicated by local emergency managers. \nIt is also important to note, when Falls Lake Dam impounds storm waters to reduce flood risks downstream, partial inundation of USACE facilities may lead to closures of recreation sites. Boating may become hazardous due to floating debris. Therefore, it is important to heed all directives to evacuate these facilities.",
        "riskManagementMeasures":"To ensure Falls Lake Dam continues to operate to minimize flood risks while balancing all its project functions, USACE utilizes the latest forecast, and stream gauge information. USACE coordinates closely with the National Weather Service, the U.S. Geological Survey, and various stakeholders, concerning conditions both upstream and downstream of the dam including inflow, outflow, and precipitation. USACE continues to work with these officials to help prepare and practice for emergency response efforts. Close coordination with local and state emergency management officials allows them to act in a timely manner during an event.\nThe dam is also regularly inspected, and its risks routinely re-assessed. During high water events dam safety professionals continuously monitor the dam and are prepared to act if performance issues arise during an event. Because risk has been determined to be moderate, an advanced risk assessment (Issue Evaluation Study) has begun and is scheduled to be completed in 2022. \nIn the meantime, USACE has begun implementing a series of actions to reduce flood risks. The Emergency Action Plan has been updated to prepare for the highest risks to the project, emergency materials have been stockpiled on site which would help slow or stop erosion if it were observed, and additional instrumentation has been installed to help with monitoring the condition of the dam. In the future, additional measures are planned to include increased communication with downstream populations.",
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