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        "damLength":2710,
        "distance":null,
        "drainageArea":280,
        "eapId":1,
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        "projectDescription":"The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) built Tioga Dam in 1978 to reduce the risk of flooding to downstream communities by storing water during major flood events.  It is located on the Tioga River in Tioga County, PA, immediately upstream of the borough of Tioga.  The dam consists of an earthen embankment that creates Tioga Lake which provides water quality and recreation benefits.  Tioga Lake and adjacent Hammond Lake are connected by a channel and the dams are operated together as a single Tioga-Hammond Project.  Primary releases are made by gates which discharge flow through a conduit beneath the dam.  During significant flood events, flow from Tioga Lake can pass through the connecting channel to Hammond Lake where the Hammond dam includes an ungated spillway which can release large flows.",
        "riskCharSummary":"Although Tioga Dam reduces the risk of flooding to downstream communities, it does not eliminate the risk of flooding.  The most likely scenario that could result in downstream flooding would be a high-volume release of water from the dam\u2019s conduit and/or the project spillway at Hammond Dam during significant storm events.  To maintain the structural integrity of the dam when the water level in the reservoir gets high, the conduit and spillway release water to the Tioga River and Crooked Creek.  The amount of water being released could be great enough to cause flooding in downstream communities.  Such higher releases from the dam could create conditions similar to how the river might behave if the dam did not exist.\n\nThere are also unlikely, but far more devastating scenarios involving breach of the dam that would produce significant flooding.  This could involve situations such as: a rare, extreme rainfall event resulting in water flowing over the earthen dam, eroding the dam and leading to a breach of the dam; or unexpected behavior of seepage through the dam, eroding soil from within the embankment and leading to a breach of the dam.  If a breach were to occur, an uncontrolled surge of water would flow out of the reservoir, flooding downstream communities.  Tioga, Lawrenceville, Corning, Elmira and adjacent communities are in the most immediate danger in the event of a flood.  Other communities along the Tioga, Chemung and North Branch Susquehanna Rivers would also be impacted.\n\nIn any of the scenarios described above, the downstream floodwater would be swift and deep, overflowing levees and destroying buildings and key infrastructure. Those caught unaware and/or unable to evacuate could perish.  In the less likely dam breach scenarios, the water depth, property damage, and lives lost would likely be far greater.",
        "riskManagementMeasures":"The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) performs ongoing activities to ensure the integrity of Tioga Dam and to manage and reduce risk to the downstream communities.  The dam is well-maintained, inspected, and monitored. The frequency of inspection and monitoring increases during high water events.  USACE regularly updates the Emergency Action Plan for the dam and performs emergency response exercises with Federal, state, and local emergency managers to remain prepared to respond to flood events affecting the dam.  USACE also closely follows rainfall forecasts to determine when high water events may occur to provide information for any necessary flood warnings.",
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        "yearCompleted":1978,
        "congDist":"Congressional District 15, Pennsylvania",
        "city":"TIOGA",
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