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Biological concentrate management (BCM) is a novel utilization of microbes for phosphorus-based antiscalant inactivation contained within ROC, aerobically inducing precipitation. BCM bench-scale reactors treating agricultural drainage impacted ROC inactivated antiscalant by 88%, precipitating 41% and 10% of ROC calcium and sulfate. Testing indicated ROC precipitated gypsum and calcite, and thermodynamic modeling specified precipitate can be controlled for a pure gypsum recovery at a pH less than or equal to 7, producing approximately125 kilograms of gypsum per million liters of water fed to the RO process. High calcium and sulfate concentrations in agricultural return waters originate as extensively used gypsum soil amendments that can be mined by BCM and resold locally, limiting salt importation and yielding increased crop production. The BCM induced reduction in ROC saturation theoretically increased overall recovery from 85% to 92% when treated with another RO stage. Alternatively, post-BCM mineral mining using cationic ion exchange increased calcium removal and water recovery while providing an opportunity for potassium (K), lithium (Li), magnesium (Mg) and rubidium (Rb) recovery from a volume approximately 97% smaller than the original flow being treated, yielding 5.0 kg, 0.026 kg, 142 kg, and 0.001 kg of K, Li, Mg, and Rb, per one million liters of RO influent, respectively. Data includes water quality of the source water treated, the permeate water quality from the RO membrane treatment processes and the ROC membrane concentrate water quality.", "catalogStatusId":1, "metadataFilePath":null, "metadataStandard":{ "_id":"ISO", "definition":"International Standards Organization (ISO) 19115-1:2014 metadata content standard, and ISO 19139:2007 metadata implementation standard", "createDate":"2018-11-20T13:25:52+00:00" }, "createDate":"2025-05-22T17:14:57+00:00", "updateDate":"2026-01-29T18:15:23+00:00", "programNames":[ "Science and Technology Program" ], "generationEffort":"Science and Technology Data and Report 20092 Ion Exchange Pretreatment for Desalting Membranes", "generationEffortId":458, "subTheme":{ "_id":95, "subTheme":"Water Quality", "definition":"Concentration of constituents within water", "createDate":"2025-05-22T16:26:34+00:00" }, "tags":[ "Water Salinity", "Concentrate Management", "Reverse Osmosis" ], "themes":[ "Water Treatment" ] }, "type":"CatalogRecord", "relationships":{ "location":{ "data":[ { "id":"/rise/api/location/7263", "type":"Location" } ] }, "catalogItems":{ "data":[ { "id":"/rise/api/catalog-item/128874", "type":"CatalogItem" }, { "id":"/rise/api/catalog-item/133874", "type":"CatalogItem" } ] } } }, { "id":"/rise/api/catalog-item/128874", "attributes":{ "_id":128874, "itemTitle":"S&T Project 20092 Data: Arkansas River Water Raw Data Summary", "itemDescription":"This dataset contains water quality data associated with S&T Project 20092. Raw water used in testing was sampled on March 27, 2024 from the Arkansas River near Garden City, Kansas. The water was sent for a water quality analysis to a certified laboratory immediately upon receipt and stored at 4C until being tested. When waters were tested with reverse osmosis, they were brought to 20C prior to process testing. Waters were dosed with antiscalant prior to testing and doses were recorded in the PERMEATE DATA tab. Treated water permeate and concentrate water quality was tabulated in the PERMEATE DATA and CONCENTRATE DATA AND ANALYSIS tabs. Biological concentrate management (BCM) treatment data is tabulated CONCENTRATE DATA AND ANALYSIS tab. Ion exchange column loading data is tabulated in the AVERAGE IX BREAKTHROUGH DATA tab. Ion exchange regeneration data is tabulated in the AVERAGE IX REGENERATION DATA tab. Ten percent of all water quality analytes were measured in duplicate. Sample charge balance were calculated for completeness of sample analysis. Data reviewed by 8190 Technical GS-14. Third party laboratory (Green Analytical Laboratory, Durango, CO) ran instrument and analyte blanks, LCS (laboratory control samples (blank spike)), and LCS duplicate samples.\r\n", "itemRecordStatusId":1, "isModeled":false, "hasProfile":false, "disclaimer":"No warranty is expressed or implied regarding the usefulness or completeness of the information contained in this report. References to commercial products do not imply endorsement by the Bureau of Reclamation and may not be used for advertising or promotional purposes.", "sourceCode":null, "locationSourceCode":null, "externalDataUrl":null, "parameterSourceCode":null, "modelNameSourceCode":null, "temporalStartDate":null, "temporalEndDate":null, "spatialShortDescription":null, "publicationAuthor":"Grace Scarim, Ryan Bernardino-McCloud, Miguel Arias-Paic", "publicationEditor":null, "publicationPublisher":"Bureau of Reclamation", "publicationPublisherLocation":"Denver, CO, USA ", "publicationFirstPublicationDate":"2025-05-22T12:00:00+00:00", "publicationPeriodicalName":null, "publicationSerialNumber":null, "publicationDoi":null, "publicationVolume":null, "publicationIssue":null, "publicationSection":null, "publicationStartPage":null, "publicationEndPage":null, "createDate":"2025-05-22T17:27:43+00:00", "itemType":{ "_id":"DATA", "definition":"Data file", "createDate":"2018-11-28T14:19:59+00:00" }, "matrix":{ "_id":63, "matrix":"Water", "definition":"Water of any type, in any form, from any source, in any location.", "createDate":"2024-08-12T21:52:38+00:00" }, "spatialGeometry":null, "spatialResolution":null, "spatialTransformation":null, "spatialOpenDataURL":null, "metadataFilePath":null, "binaryFilePath":"https://data.usbr.gov/rise/content-rise-public/rise/catalog-item/binary/PROJECT%2020092_DATA%20SUMMARY_r2.xlsx", "updateFrequency":{ "_id":14, "updatefrequency":"not planned", "definition":"there are no plans to update the data", "createDate":"2018-11-14T15:17:58+00:00" }, "updateDate":"2026-01-29T18:15:29+00:00", "verticalDatum":null, "dataStructure":"Uploaded file(s)", "itemStructureId":3, "parameterGroup":null, "parameterId":null, "parameterName":null, "parameterUnit":null, "parameterTimestep":null, "parameterTransformation":null }, "type":"CatalogItem", "relationships":{ "catalogRecord":{ "data":[ { "id":"/rise/api/catalog-record/8099", "type":"CatalogRecord" } ] }, "parameter":{ "data":[] } } }, { "id":"/rise/api/catalog-item/133874", "attributes":{ "_id":133874, "itemTitle":"S&T Project 20092 Final Report: Ion Exchange Pretreatment of Desalting Membranes", "itemDescription":"Generation of reverse osmosis concentrate (ROC) is a barrier for reverse osmosis (RO) process application due to challenges managing supersaturated brine. Biological concentrate management (BCM) is a novel utilization of microbes for phosphorus-based antiscalant inactivation contained within ROC, aerobically inducing precipitation. BCM bench-scale reactors treating agricultural drainage impacted ROC inactivated antiscalant by 88%, precipitating 41% and 10% of ROC calcium and sulfate. Testing indicated ROC precipitated gypsum and calcite, and thermodynamic modeling specified precipitate can be controlled for a pure gypsum recovery at a pH less than or equal to 7, producing approximately125 kilograms of gypsum per million liters of water fed to the RO process. High calcium and sulfate concentrations in agricultural return waters originate as extensively used gypsum soil amendments that can be mined by BCM and resold locally, limiting salt importation and yielding increased crop production. The BCM induced reduction in ROC saturation theoretically increased overall recovery from 85% to 92% when treated with another RO stage. 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